Organic light-emitting device

ABSTRACT

An organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 501. The organic light-emitting device including the first compound and the second compound may have low driving voltage, high efficiency, and high luminance.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to and the benefit of Korean Patent Application No. 10-2015-0181074, filed on Dec. 17, 2015, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND

1. Field

One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to an organic light-emitting device.

2. Description of the Related Art

Organic light-emitting devices are self-emission devices that have wide viewing angles, high contrast ratios, short response times, and excellent brightness, driving voltage, and response speed characteristics, and can produce full-color images.

The organic light-emitting device may include a first electrode disposed (e.g., positioned) on a substrate, and a hole transport region, an emission layer, an electron transport region, and a second electrode, which are sequentially disposed on the first electrode. Holes provided from, for example, the first electrode may move toward the emission layer through the hole transport region, and electrons provided from, for example, the second electrode may move toward the emission layer through the electron transport region. Carriers, such as holes and electrons, may then recombine in the emission layer to produce excitons. These excitons transit from an excited state to a ground state, thereby generating light.

SUMMARY

One or more aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are directed towards an organic light-emitting device that includes a first compound and a second compound represented by the Formulae provided herein.

Additional aspects will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be apparent from the description, or may be learned by practice of the presented embodiments.

According to one or more embodiments, an organic light-emitting device includes: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer,

wherein the organic layer includes a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 501:

In Formulae 1, 2A, 2B, and 501,

ring A₁ and ring A₂ may each independently be selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, a quinoxaline ring, a quinazoline ring, and a cinnoline ring,

ring A₃ may be a group represented by Formula 2A or a group represented by Formula 2B,

X₁ may be N-[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b11)], O, or S,

X₂ may be N-[(L₁₂)_(a12)-(R₁₂)_(b12)], O, or S,

Ar₅₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group,

L₁ and L₂ may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having three or more carbocyclic groups condensed with each other,

a1 and a2 may each independently be an integer selected from 1 to 5, wherein when a1 is two or more, two or more L₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other; and when a2 is two or more, two or more L₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

L₁₁, L₁₂, and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

a11, a12, and xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5, wherein when a11 is two or more, two or more L₁₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other; when a12 is two or more, two or more L₁₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other; when xd1 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other; when xd2 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other; and when xd3 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other,

R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂),

b1, b2, b5, b6, b11, and b12 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

b3 and b4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 6,

b13 may be 0, 1, or 2,

c1 and c2 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, and the sum of c1 and c2 (c1+c2) may be 1 or greater,

xd4 may be an integer selected from 1 to 6, and

at least one substituent of the substituted condensed polycyclic group having three or more carbocyclic groups condensed with each other, the substituted C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group, the substituted C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from the group consisting of:

deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

In the organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may include a host and a dopant, wherein the first compound may be included in the host, and the second compound may be included in the dopant.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

These and/or other aspects will become apparent and more readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Reference will now be made in more detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the drawing, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” “one of,” and “selected from,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. Further, the use of “may” when describing embodiments of the present invention refers to “one or more embodiments of the present invention.”

An organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment may include a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer including an emission layer, wherein the organic layer may include a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 501:

Ring A₁ and ring A₂ in Formula 1 may each be fused with a neighboring 5-membered ring, while sharing at least two ring-forming carbon atoms therewith. In Formula 1, ring A₁ and ring A₂ may each independently be selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, a quinoxaline ring, a quinazoline ring, and a cinnoline ring.

For example, ring A₁ and ring A₂ in Formula 1 may each independently be selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring.

In various embodiments, in Formula 1,

ring A₁ may be a benzene ring or a pyridine ring; and ring A₂ may be selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring, or

ring A₁ may be selected from a naphthalene ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring; and ring A₂ may be a benzene ring or a pyridine ring,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Ring A₃ in Formula 1 may be fused with two neighboring 5-membered rings, while sharing at least two ring-forming carbon atoms with each of the two neighboring 5-membered rings. In Formula 1, ring A₃ may be a group represented by Formula 2A or a group represented by Formula 2B:

R₁₃ and b₁₃ in Formula 2A and X₂ in Formula 2B are the same as described throughout the present specification.

In various embodiments, A₃ in Formula 1 may be a group represented by Formula 2A, but is not limited thereto.

X₁ in Formula 1 may be N-[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b11)], O, or S; and X₂ in Formula 2B may be N-[(L₁₂)_(a12)-(R₁₂)_(b12)], O, or S.

For example, X₁ in Formula 1 may be O or S.

Ar₅₀₁ in Formula 501 may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group.

For example, Ar₅₀₁ in Formula 501 may be a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic ring having three or more carbocyclic groups condensed (e.g., fused) with each other.

In various embodiments, Ar₅₀₁ in Formula 501 may selected from the group consisting of:

an indacene group, an acenaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a benzopyrene group, a benzochrysene group, a benzotriphenylene group, and a phenanthroline group; and

an indacene group, an acenaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a benzopyrene group, a benzochrysene group, a benzotriphenylene group, and a phenanthroline group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, Ar₅₀₁ in Formula 501 may be selected from the group consisting of:

a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a benzopyrene group, a benzochrysene group, and a benzotriphenylene group; and

a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a benzopyrene group, a benzochrysene group, and a benzotriphenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

L₁ and L₂ in Formula 1 may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having three or more carbocyclic groups condensed (e.g., fused) with each other. In some embodiments, L₁ and L₂ each independently include carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms and do not include a heteroatom (e.g., N, O, S, P, or the like). Accordingly, L₁ and L₂ do not include groups that have less than three carbocyclic groups condensed with each other (e.g., L₁ and L₂ do not include a naphthylene group that has only two carbocyclic groups condensed with each other), or groups that include a heteroatom as a ring-forming atom (e.g., L₁ and L₂ do not include a pyridinylene group that includes N as a ring-forming atom).

In various embodiments, L₁ and L₂ in Formula 1 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, and an ovelenylene group; and

an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylere group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, and an ovalenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, L₁ and L₂ in Formula 1 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, and a perylenylene group; and

a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, and a perylenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

a1 and a2 in Formula 1 may each independently be an integer selected from 1 to 5, wherein when a1 is two or more, two or more L₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other, and when a2 is two or more, two or more L₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other. That is, in Formula 1, “L₁” is included in the group represented by *-[(L₁)_(a1)-(R₁)_(b1)] and “L₂” is included in the group represented by *-[(L₂)_(a2)-(R₂)_(b2)].

In various embodiments, a1 and a2 in Formula 1 may each independently be 1 or 2, or may each independently be 1, but a1 and a2 are not limited thereto.

L₁₁, L₁₂, and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ in the Formulae described above may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, L₁₁, L₁₂, and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a pyrrolylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a pyridinylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, an isoindolylene group, an indolylene group, an indazolylene group, a purinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a carbazolylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a triazinylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, and an imidazopyrimidinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-8, 3-9, 3-25, and 3-35 to 3-41, and L₁₁, L₁₂, and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-41:

In Formulae 3-1 to 3-41,

Y₁ may be selected from O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₅), and Si(Z₆)(Z₇),

Z₁ to Z₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CI, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group,

d2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2,

d3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

d4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

d5 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

d6 may be an integer selected from 0 to 6,

d8 may be an integer selected from 0 to 8, and

* and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In various embodiments, L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-11, 4-13, 4-27, and 4-29 to 4-35, and L₁₁, L₁₂, and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ may each independently be selected from Formulae 4-1 to 4-35, but L₁, L₂ L₁₁, L₁₂, and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 4-1 to 4-35, * and *′ each independently indicate a binding atom to a neighboring atom, and “D” may refer to deuterium.

a11, a12, and xd1 to xd3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5, wherein when a11 is two or more, two or more L₁₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other; when a12 is two or more, two or more L₁₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other; when xd1 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₁(s) may be identical to or different from each other; when xd2 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₂(s) may be identical to or different from each other; and xd3 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₃(s) may be identical to or different from each other.

In various embodiments, a11, a12, and xd1 to xd3 in the Formulae described above may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, or may each independently be 0 or 1, but are not limited thereto.

R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ in the Formulae described above may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), wherein Q₁ to Q₃ are as described herein.

For example, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ in the Formulae described above may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, and a hydrazino group, and a hydrazono group;

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, and R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ in the Formulae described above may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group;

a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃); and

—Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, and R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ in the Formulae described above may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a group represented by any of Formulae 5-1 to 5-75, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group:

In Formulae 5-1 to 5-75,

Y₃₁ may be selected from O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄), N(Z₃₅), and Si(Z₃₆)(Z₃₇),

Z₃₁ to Z₃₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group,

e2 may be an integer selected from 0 to 2,

e3 may be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

e4 may be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

e5 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

e6 may be an integer selected from 0 to 6,

e7 may be an integer selected from 0 to 7,

e9 may be an integer selected from 0 to 9, and

* indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.

In various embodiments, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ in the Formulae described above may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —CI, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a group represented by any of Formulae 6-1 to 6-43, a group represented by any of Formulae 10-1 to 10-117, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, but R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ are not limited thereto:

In Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and 10-1 to 10-117, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom, and “D” may refer to deuterium.

In various embodiments, in the Formulae described above,

R₃ to R₆ and R₁₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), and

R₁, R₂, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group (e.g., R₁, R₂, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-75 or groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and 10-1 to 10-117).

In various embodiments, in the Formulae described above,

R₃ to R₆ and R₁₃ may each be hydrogen, and

R₁, R₂, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-75 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and 10-1 to 10-117), but are not limited thereto.

b1, b2, b5, b6, b11, and b12 in the Formulae described above may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, b3 and b4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 6, and b13 may be 0, 1, or 2.

For example, b1, b2, b11, and b12 in the Formulae described above may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, or may each independently be 1 or 2.

In various embodiments, b1, b2, b11, and b12 in the Formulae described above may be 1, but are not limited thereto.

b3 to b6 and b13 in the Formulae described above may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, or may each independently be 0 or 1, but are not limited thereto.

c1 and c2 in Formula 1 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4, and the sum of c1 and c2 (c1+c2) may be 1 or greater. That is, in Formula 1, at least one selected from the group represented by *-[(L₁)_(a1)-(R₁)_(b1)] and the group represented by *-[(L₂)_(a2)-(R₂)_(b2)] is present.

In various embodiments, in Formula 1, the sum of c1 and c2 (c1+c2) may be 1 or 2.

In various embodiments, in Formula 1,

c1 may be 1 and c2 may be 0,

c1 may be 1 and c2 may be 1, or

c1 may be 0 and c2 may be 1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

xd4 in Formula 501 may be an integer selected from 1 to 6. For example, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2, 3, or 4, but is not limited thereto. In various embodiments, xd4 in Formula 501 may be 2.

In various embodiments, the first compound may be represented by one selected from Formulae 1A to 1E:

In Formulae 1A to 1E, ring A₁, ring A₂, X₁, X₂, L₁, L₂, a1, a2, R₁ to R₆, R₁₃, b1 to b6, b13, c1, and c2 are the same as described above.

For example, in Formulae 1A to 1E,

ring A₁ may be a benzene ring or a pyridine ring, and ring A₂ may be selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring; or ring A₁ may be selected from a naphthalene ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring, and ring A₂ may be a benzene ring or a pyridine ring,

X₁ and X₂ may each independently be O or S,

L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-8, 3-9, 3-25, and 3-35 to 3-41 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 4-11, 4-13, 4-27, and 4-29 to 4-35),

a1 and a2 may each independently be 1 or 2,

R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-75 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and 10-1 to 10-117),

b1 and b2 may each independently be 1 or 2,

R₃ to R₆ and R₁₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group,

b3 to b6 and b13 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and

c1 may be 1 and c2 may be 0; c1 may be 1 and c2 may be 1; or c1 may be 0 and c2 may be 1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In various embodiments, the first compound may be represented by one selected from Formulae 1-1 to 1-7:

In Formulae 1-1 to 1-7,

ring A₃, X₁, L₁, L₂, a1, a2, R₁, R₂, R₅, R₆, b1, b2, b5, b6, c1, and c2 are the same as described above,

X₂₁ may be N or C(R₂₁); X₂₂ may be N or C(R₂₂); X₂₃ may be N or C(R₂₃), X₂₄ may be N or C(R₂₄); X₂₅ may be N or C(R₂₅); X₂₆ may be N or C(R₂₆); X₃₁ may be N or C(R₃₁); X₃₂ may be N or C(R₃₂); X₃₃ may be N or C(R₃₃); X₃₄ may be N or C(R₃₄); X₃₅ may be N or C(R₃₅); and X₃₆ may be N or C(R₃₆),

descriptions of R₂₁ to R₂₆ may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with R₃, and

descriptions of R₃₁ to R₃₆ may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with R₄.

In various embodiments,

none, one, or two selected from X₂₁ to X₂₄ and X₃₁ to X₃₄ in Formula 1-1 may be N,

none, one, or two selected from X₂₁ to X₂₄ and X₃₁ to X₃₆ in Formulae 1-2 to 1-4 may be N, and

none, one, or two selected from X₂₁ to X₂₆ and X₃₁ to X₃₆ in Formulae 1-5 to 1-7 may be N.

In various embodiments,

none or one selected from X₂₁ to X₂₄ in Formulae 1-1 to 1-4 may be N,

none or one selected from X₃₁ to X₃₄ in Formulae 1-1 and 1-5 to 1-7 may be

N,

none or one selected X₂₁ to X₂₆ in Formulae 1-5 to 1-7 may be N, and

none or one selected from X₃₁ to X₃₆ in Formulae 1-2 to 1-4 may be N.

For example, ring A₃ in Formulae 1-1 to 1-7 may be a group represented by Formula 2A.

In various embodiments, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-7,

X₁ and X₂ may each independently be O or S,

L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-8, 3-9, 3-25, and 3-35 to 3-41 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 4-11, 4-13, 4-27, and 4-29 to 4-35),

a1 and a2 may each independently be 1 or 2,

R₁ and R₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-75 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and 10-1 to 10-117),

b1 and b2 may each independently be 1 or 2,

R₂₁ to R₂₆, R₃₁ to R₃₆, R₅, and R₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group,

b5 and b6 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and

c1 may be 1 and c2 may be 0; c1 may be 1 and c2 may be 1; or c1 may be 0 and c2 may be 1, but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In various embodiments, the first compound may be represented by one selected from Formulae 1(1) to 1(24), but is not limited thereto:

In Formulae 1(1) to 1(24),

X₁, L₁, L₂, a1, a2, R₁ to R₆, R₁₃, b1 to b6, b13, c1, and c2 are the same as described above,

ba3 and bb3 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

ba4 and bb4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 4,

ba5 and bb5 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 5, and

ba6 and bb6 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 6.

In various embodiments, in Formulae 1(1) to 1(24),

X₁ and X₂ may each independently be O or S,

L₁ and L₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-8, 3-9, 3-25, and 3-35 to 3-41 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 4-11, 4-13, 4-27, and 4-29 to 4-35),

a1 and a2 may each independently be 1 or 2,

R₁ and R₂ may be each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-75 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and 10-1 to 10-117),

b1 and b2 may each independently be 1 or 2,

R₃ to R₆ and R₁₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group,

ba3, bb3, ba4, bb4, ba5, bb5, ba6, bb6, b5, and b6 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, and

c1 may be 1 and c2 may be 0; c1 may be 1 and c2 may be 1; or c1 may be 0 and c2 may be 1, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In various embodiments, the first compound may be represented by one selected from Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-3, but is not limited thereto:

In Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-3, ring A₁, ring A₂, X₁, L₁₁, L₁₂, a11, a12, R₁, R₃ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, b3 to b6, b11 to b13, c1, and c2 are the same as described above.

For example, ring A₁ and ring A₂ in Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-3 may each independently be selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring,

X₁ may be O or S,

R₁ may be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-75 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and 10-1 to 10-117),

R₃ to R₆, R₁₃, Z₁, and Z₂ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, and

b3 to b6, b13, d4, and d5 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2, but are not limited thereto.

In various embodiments, the second compound may be represented by one selected from Formulae 501-1 to 501-4:

In Formulae 501-1 to 501-4,

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃, xd1 to xd3, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ are the same as described above,

descriptions of L₅₀₄ to L₅₀₆ may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with L₅₀₁,

descriptions of xd4 and xd5 may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with xd1,

description of xd6 may be the same as the description provided above in connection with xd3, and

descriptions of R₅₁₁ to R₅₁₆ may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with R₃.

For example, in Formulae 501-1 and 501-4,

L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₆ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-41 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-35),

xd1 to xd6 may each independently be 0 or 1,

R₅₀₁ and R₅₀₂ may each independently be selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-75 (e.g., groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-117), and

R₅₁₁ to R₅₁₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃),

wherein Q₁ to Q₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

For example, the first compound may include at least one selected from Compounds 1 to 60, and the second compound may include at least one selected from Compounds 101 to 112, but the first compound and the second compound are not limited thereto:

Since the first compound represented by Formula 1 has a spiro-bifluorene-based condensed-ring core, it may be possible to prevent or reduce degradation of the first compound that may be caused by electrons. Accordingly, an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device, which includes the first compound represented by Formula 1, may have a long lifespan. Also, since the first compound represented by Formula 1 has a relatively high triplet energy (T1), a probability of annihilation between triplet excitons in the emission layer including the first compound represented by Formula 1 may increase, thereby increasing a triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) effect. Accordingly, an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device, which includes the first compound represented by Formula 1, may have high efficiency.

Also, in the first compound represented by Formula 1, L₁ and L₂ may each independently be a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group that has three or more carbocyclic groups condensed with each other and does not include a heteroatom, and a1 and a2 (respectively indicating the number of L₁(s) and the number of L(s)) are not zero. That is, in Formula 1, “L₁” is included in the group represented by *-[(L₁)_(a1)-(R₁)_(b1)] and “L₂” is included in the group represented by *-[(L₂)_(a2)-(R₂)_(b2)]. Also, in Formula 1, the sum of c1 and c2 (c1+c2) may be one or greater. That is, in Formula 1, at least one selected from the group represented by *-[(L₁)_(a1)-(R₁)_(b1)] and the group represented by *-[(L₂)_(a2)-(R₂)_(b2)] is present. Thus, for example, when the first compound represented by Formula 1 is used as the host in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device, a suitable energy level between the host and the dopant may be effectively adjusted, thereby achieving an efficient energy transfer between the host and the dopant. Accordingly, an electronic device, for example, an organic light-emitting device, which includes the first compound represented by Formula 1, may have high efficiency.

Further, an organic light-emitting device including both the first compound and the second compound represented by Formula 501 may have high efficiency and high luminance.

For example, both the first compound and the second compound may be included in the emission layer of the organic light-emitting device. In some embodiments, the first compound included in the emission layer may act as the host, and the second compound included in the emission layer may act as the dopant (e.g., a fluorescent dopant).

In various embodiments, an amount of the first compound in the emission layer may be greater than an amount of the second compound.

In various embodiments, an amount of the second compound in the emission layer may be in a range of about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the first compound, but is not limited thereto. When the amount of the second compound is within the above range, it may be possible to implement an organic light-emitting device having high efficiency and high luminance without (or substantially without) emission quenching.

The first compound represented by Formula 1 may be synthesized by using any suitable organic synthesis method. Synthesis methods for the first compound should become apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art by referring to the examples described below.

In various embodiments, in the organic light-emitting device,

the first electrode may be an anode,

the second electrode may be a cathode, and

the organic layer may include a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode.

The hole transport region may include a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof, and

the electron transport region may include a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof.

The term “first compound”, as used herein, may refer to i) a single compound represented by Formula 1 (e.g., Compound 1), or ii) a mixture of two or more different compounds represented by Formula 1 (e.g., a mixture of Compounds 1 and 2).

The term “second compound”, as used herein, may refer to i) a single compound represented by Formula 501 (e.g., Compound 107), or ii) a mixture of two or more different compounds represented by Formula 501 (e.g., a mixture of Compound 107 and 111).

The term “organic layer”, as used herein, may refer to a single layer and/or a plurality of layers between the first electrode and the second electrode of an organic light-emitting device. A material included in the “organic layer” is not limited to an organic material.

Description of FIG. 1

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment. The organic light-emitting device 10 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190.

Hereinafter, the structure of the organic light-emitting device 10 according to an embodiment and a method of manufacturing the organic light-emitting device 10 will be described in connection with FIG. 1.

First Electrode 110

In FIG. 1, a substrate may be additionally disposed (e.g., positioned) under the first electrode 110 or above the second electrode 190. The substrate may be a glass substrate or a plastic substrate, each having excellent mechanical strength, thermal stability, transparency, surface smoothness, ease of handling, and/or water-resistance.

The first electrode 110 may be formed by depositing or sputtering a material for forming the first electrode 110 on the substrate. When the first electrode 110 is an anode, the material for forming the first electrode 110 may be selected from materials with a high work function to facilitate hole injection.

The first electrode 110 may be a reflective electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a transmissive electrode. When the first electrode 110 is a transmissive electrode, a material for forming the first electrode 110 may be selected from indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), tin oxide (SnO₂), zinc oxide (ZnO), and a combination thereof, but is not limited thereto. When the first electrode 110 is a semi-transmissive electrode or a reflective electrode, as a material for forming the first electrode 110, magnesium (Mg), silver (Ag), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), or a combination thereof may be used. However, the material for forming the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

The first electrode 110 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers. For example, the first electrode 110 may have a three-layered structure of ITO/Ag/ITO, but the structure of the first electrode 110 is not limited thereto.

Organic Layer 150

The organic layer 150 may be disposed (e.g., positioned) on the first electrode 110. The organic layer 150 may include an emission layer.

The organic layer 150 may further include a hole transport region between the first electrode 110 and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode 190.

Hole Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The hole transport region may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The hole transport region may include at least one layer selected from a hole injection layer (HIL), a hole transport layer (HTL), an emission auxiliary layer, and an electron blocking layer (EBL).

For example, the hole transport region may have a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or a multi-layered structure having a structure of hole injection layer/hole transport layer, hole injection layer/hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer, hole injection layer/emission auxiliary layer, hole transport layer/emission auxiliary layer or hole injection layer/hole transport layer/electron blocking layer, wherein for each structure, constituting layers are sequentially stacked from the first electrode 110 in this stated order, but the structure of the hole transport region is not limited thereto.

The hole transport region may include at least one selected from m-MTDATA, TDATA, 2-TNATA, NPB(NPD), 8-NPB, TPD, Spiro-TPD, Spiro-NPB, methylated NPB, TAPC, HMTPD, TCTA (4,4′,4″-tris(N-carbazolyl)triphenylamine), PANI/DBSA (polyaniline/dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid), PEDOT/PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), PANI/CSA (polyaniline/camphor sulfonic acid), PANI/PSS (polyaniline/poly(4-styrenesulfonate)), a compound represented by Formula 201, and a compound represented by Formula 202:

In Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₄ may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

L₂₀₅ may be selected from *—O—*′, *—S—*′, *—N(Q₂₀₁)-*′, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₂₀ alkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₂₀ alkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xa1 to xa4 may each independently be an integer selected from 0 to 3,

xa5 may be an integer selected from 1 to 10, and

R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

For example, in Formula 202, R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group, and R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may optionally be linked to each other via a single bond, a dimethyl-methylene group, or a diphenyl-methylene group.

In various embodiments, in Formulae 201 and 202,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₅ may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group; and

a phenylene group, a pentalenylene group, an indenylene group, a naphthylene group, an azulenylene group, a heptalenylene group, an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, an ovalenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, and a pyridinylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, xa1 to xa4 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In various embodiments, xa5 may be 1, 2, 3, or 4.

In various embodiments, R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ and Q₂₀₁ may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group; and

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are the same as described above.

In various embodiments, at least one selected from R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₃ in Formula 201 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group; and

a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group,

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

In various embodiments, in Formula 202, i) R₂₀₁ and R₂₀₂ may be connected (e.g., linked) to each other via a single bond, and/or ii) R₂₀₃ and R₂₀₄ may be connected (e.g., linked) to each other via a single bond.

In various embodiments, at least one selected from R₂₀₁ to R₂₀₄ in Formula 202 may be selected from the group consisting of:

a carbazolyl group; and

a carbazolyl group substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a carbazolyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, and a dibenzothiophenyl group;

but embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

The compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A:

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A(1), but is not limited thereto:

For example, the compound represented by Formula 201 may be represented by Formula 201A-1, but is not limited thereto:

In various embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A:

In various embodiments, the compound represented by Formula 202 may be represented by Formula 202A-1:

In Formulae 201A, 201A(1), 201A-1, 202A, and 202A-1,

L₂₀₁ to L₂₀₃, xa1 to xa3, xa5, and R₂₀₂ to R₂₀₄ are the same as described above.

descriptions of R₂₁₁ and R₂₁₂ may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with R₂₀₃.

R₂₁₃ to R₂₁₇ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenyl group substituted with a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a phenyl group substituted with —F, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, and a pyridinyl group.

The hole transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds HT1 to HT39, but is not limited thereto:

A thickness of the hole transport region may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 10,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å. When the hole transport region includes at least one selected from a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer, the thickness of the hole injection layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 9,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, and the thickness of the hole transport layer may be in a range of about 50 Å to about 2,000 Å, for example, about 100 Å to about 1,500 Å. When the thicknesses of the hole transport region, the hole injection layer, and the hole transport layer are within any of these ranges, satisfactory (or suitable) hole transporting characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The emission auxiliary layer may increase light-emission efficiency by compensating for an optical resonance distance according to the wavelength of light emitted by an emission layer, and the electron blocking layer may block or reduce the flow of electrons from an electron transport region. The emission auxiliary layer and the electron blocking layer may include any of the materials as described above.

P-Dopant

The hole transport region may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a charge-generation material for the improvement of conductive properties. The charge-generation material may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in the hole transport region.

The charge-generation material may be, for example, a p-dopant.

In one embodiment, the p-dopant may have a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) of −3.5 eV or less.

The p-dopant may include at least one selected from a quinone derivative, a metal oxide, and a cyano group-containing compound, but embodiments are not limited thereto.

For example, the p-dopant may include at least one selected from the group consisting of:

quinone derivatives, such as TCNQ (tetracyanoquinodimethane) and/or F4-TCNQ (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane);

metal oxides, such as tungsten oxide and/or molybdenum oxide;

HAT-CN (1,4,5,8,9,11-hexaazatriphenylene-hexacarbonitrile); and

a compound represented by Formula 221,

but is not limited thereto:

In Formula 221,

R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may each independently be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, wherein at least one selected from R₂₂₁ to R₂₂₃ may have a cyano group, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —F, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —Cl, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with —Br, and/or a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group substituted with I.

Emission Layer in Organic Layer 150

When the organic light-emitting device 10 is a full color organic light-emitting device, the emission layer may be patterned into a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and/or a blue emission layer, according to a sub pixel. In various embodiments, the emission layer may have a stacked structure of two or more layers selected from a red emission layer, a green emission layer, and a blue emission layer, in which the two or more layers contact each other or are separated from each other. In various embodiments, the emission layer may include two or more materials selected from a red-light emission material, a green-light emission material, and a blue-light emission material, in which the two or more materials are mixed with each other in a single layer to emit white light. The emission layer may include a host and a dopant. The host may include the first compound represented by Formula 1 and the dopant may include the second compound represented by Formula 501. In various embodiments, the host may be the first compound and the dopant may be the second compound.

An amount of the dopant in the emission layer may be, for example, in a range of about 0.01 to about 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the host, but is not limited thereto.

A thickness of the emission layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 200 Å to about 600 Å. When the thickness of the emission layer is within any of these ranges, excellent (or suitable) light-emission characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Electron Transport Region in Organic Layer 150

The electron transport region may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron transport region may include at least one selected from a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, an electron transport layer (ETL), and an electron injection layer, but is not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may have a structure of electron transport layer/electron injection layer, a structure of hole blocking layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, a structure of electron control layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, or a structure of buffer layer/electron transport layer/electron injection layer, wherein in each of these structures, constituting layers are sequentially stacked in this stated order from an emission layer. However, the structure of the electron transport layer is not limited thereto.

The electron transport region (e.g., a buffer layer, a hole blocking layer, an electron control layer, and/or an electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may include a metal-free compound containing at least one π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring.

The “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” as used herein may refer to a C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety as a ring-forming moiety.

For example, the “π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring” may be i) a 5-membered to 7-membered hetero-monocyclic group having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, ii) a hetero-polycyclic group in which two or more 5-membered to 7-membered hetero-monocyclic groups each having at least one *—N═*′ moiety are condensed (e.g., fused) with each other, or iii) a hetero-polycyclic group in which at least one selected from 5-membered to 7-membered hetero-monocyclic groups, each having at least one *—N═*′ moiety, is condensed (e.g., fused) with at least one C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group.

Non-limiting examples of the π electron-depleted nitrogen-containing ring are an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoimidazole group, an isobenzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazole group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group, but are not limited thereto.

For example, the electron transport region may include a compound represented by Formula 601:

[Ar₆₀₁]_(xe11)-[(L₆₀₁)_(xe1)-R₆₀₁]_(xe21).  Formula 601

In Formula 601,

Ar_(6o1) may be a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group or a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,

xe11 may be 1, 2, or 3,

L₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,

xe1 may be an integer selected from 0 to 5,

R₆₀₁ may be selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂)(Q₆₀₃), —C(═O)(Q₆₀₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁), and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

wherein Q₆₀₁ to Q₆₀₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group, and

xe21 may be an integer selected from 1 to 5.

In various embodiments, at least one selected from xe11 number of Ar₆₀₁(s) and xe21 number of R₆₀₁ (s) may include the π electron-depletion nitrogen-containing ring described above.

In various embodiments, ring Ar₆₀₁ in Formula 601 may be selected from the group consisting of:

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazol group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group, and an azacarbazole group; and

a benzene group, a naphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, an indenoanthracene group, a dibenzofuran group, a dibenzothiophene group, a carbazole group, an imidazole group, a pyrazole group, a thiazole group, an isothiazole group, an oxazole group, an isoxazole group, a pyridine group, a pyrazine group, a pyrimidine group, a pyridazine group, an indazole group, a purine group, a quinoline group, an isoquinoline group, a benzoquinoline group, a phthalazine group, a naphthyridine group, a quinoxaline group, a quinazoline group, a cinnoline group, a phenanthridine group, an acridine group, a phenanthroline group, a phenazine group, a benzoimidazole group, an iso-benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, an isobenzoxazole group, a triazole group, a tetrazole group, an oxadiazole group, a triazine group, a thiadiazol group, an imidazopyridine group, an imidazopyrimidine group and an azacarbazole group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

When xe11 in Formula 601 is two or more, two or more Ar₆₀₁(s) may be connected (e.g., linked) to each other via a single bond.

In various embodiments, Ar₆₀₁ in Formula 601 may be an anthracene group.

In various embodiments, Compound represented by Formula 601 may be represented by Formula 601-1:

In Formula 601-1,

X₆₁₄ may be N or C(R₆₁₄); X₆₁₅ may be N or C(R₆₁₅); X₆₁₆ may be N or C(R₆₁₆); and at least one selected from X₆₁₄ to X₆₁₆ may be N,

descriptions of L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with L₆₀₁,

descriptions of xe611 to xe613 may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with xe1,

descriptions of R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ may each independently be the same as the description provided above in connection with R₆₀₁, and

R₆₁₄ to R₆₁₆ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and a naphthyl group.

In various embodiments, L₆₀₁ and L₆₁₁ to L₆₁₃ in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group; and

a phenylene group, a naphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-bifluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a thiophenylene group, a furanylene group, a carbazolylene group, an indolylene group, an isoindolylene group, a benzofuranylene group, a benzothiophenylene group, a dibenzofuranylene group, a dibenzothiophenylene group, a benzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzocarbazolylene group, a dibenzosilolylene group, a pyridinylene group, an imidazolylene group, a pyrazolylene group, a thiazolylene group, an isothiazolylene group, an oxazolylene group, an isoxazolylene group, a thiadiazolylene group, an oxadiazolylene group, a pyrazinylene group, a pyrimidinylene group, a pyridazinylene group, a triazinylene group, a quinolinylene group, an isoquinolinylene group, a benzoquinolinylene group, a phthalazinylene group, a naphthyridinylene group, a quinoxalinylene group, a quinazolinylene group, a cinnolinylene group, a phenanthridinylene group, an acridinylene group, a phenanthrolinylene group, a phenazinylene group, a benzoimidazolylene group, an isobenzothiazolylene group, a benzoxazolylene group, an isobenzoxazolylene group, a triazolylene group, a tetrazolylene group, an imidazopyridinylene group, an imidazopyrimidinylene group, and an azacarbazolylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group,

but embodiments are not limited thereto.

In various embodiments, xe1 and xe611 to xe613 in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be 0, 1, or 2.

In various embodiments, R₆₀₁ and R₆₁₁ to R₆₁₃ in Formulae 601 and 601-1 may each independently be selected from the group consisting of:

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group;

a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-bifluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, a carbazolyl group, an indolyl group, an isoindolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a pyridinyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and an azacarbazolyl group; and

—S(═O)₂(Q₆₀₁) and —P(═O)(Q₆₀₁)(Q₆₀₂),

wherein Q₆₀₁ and Q₆₀₂ are the same as described above.

The electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from Compounds ET1 to ET36, but is not limited thereto:

In various embodiments, the electron transport region may include at least one compound selected from BCP (2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Bphen (4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline), Alq₃, BAlq, TAZ (3-(biphenyl-4-yl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole), and NTAZ.

The thickness of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and the electron control layer may each independently be in a range of about 20 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 30 Å to about 300 Å. When the thicknesses of the buffer layer, the hole blocking layer, and/or the electron control layer are within any of these ranges, excellent (or suitable) hole blocking characteristics or electron control characteristics may be obtained without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

A thickness of the electron transport layer may be in a range of about 100 Å to about 1,000 Å, for example, about 150 Å to about 500 Å. When the thickness of the electron transport layer is within any of the ranges described above, the electron transport layer may have satisfactory (or suitable) electron transport characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

The electron transport region (e.g., the electron transport layer in the electron transport region) may further include, in addition to the materials described above, a metal-containing material.

The metal-containing material may include at least one selected from alkaline metal complex and alkaline earth-metal complex. The alkaline metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a Li ion, a Na ion, a K ion, a Rb ion, and a Cs ion; and the alkaline earth-metal complex may include a metal ion selected from a Be ion, a Mg ion, a Ca ion, a Sr ion, and a Ba ion. A ligand coordinated with the metal ion of the alkaline metal complex and the alkaline earth-metal complex may each independently be selected from a hydroxy-quinoline, a hydroxy-isoquinoline, a hydroxy-benzoquinoline, a hydroxy-acridine, a hydroxy-phenanthridine, a hydroxy-phenylan oxazole, a hydroxy-phenylthiazole, a hydroxy-diphenylan oxadiazole, a hydroxy-diphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy-phenylpyridine, a hydroxy-phenylbenzoimidazole, a hydroxy-phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but is not limited thereto.

For example, the metal-containing material may include a Li complex. The Li complex may include, for example, Compound ET-D1 (LiQ) and/or Compound ET-D2:

The electron transport region may include an electron injection layer that facilitates injection of electrons from the second electrode 190. The electron injection layer may directly contact the second electrode 190.

The electron injection layer may have i) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a single material, ii) a single-layered structure including a single layer including a plurality of different materials, or iii) a multi-layered structure having a plurality of layers including a plurality of different materials.

The electron injection layer may include alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, rare-earth-metal, alkaline metal compound, alkaline earth-metal compound, rare-earth metal compound, alkaline metal complex, alkaline earth-metal complex, rare-earth metal complex or a combination thereof.

The alkaline metal may be selected from Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. In one embodiment, the alkaline metal may be Li, Na, or Cs. In various embodiments, the alkaline metal may be Li or Cs, but is not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth metal may be selected from Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.

The rare-earth metal may be selected from Sc, Y, Ce, Tb, Yb, and Gd.

The alkaline metal compound, the alkaline earth-metal compound, and the rare-earth metal compound may be selected from oxides and halides (e.g., fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and/or iodides) of the alkaline metal, the alkaline earth-metal and rare-earth metal, respectively.

The alkaline metal compound may be selected from alkaline metal oxides (such as Li₂O, Cs₂O, and/or K₂O), and alkaline metal halides (such as LiF, NaF, CsF, KF, LiI, Nal, CsI, and/or KI). In one embodiment, the alkaline metal compound may be selected from LiF, Li₂O, NaF, LiI, Nal, CsI, and KI, but is not limited thereto.

The alkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from alkaline earth-metal oxides (such as BaO, SrO, CaO, Ba_(x)Sr_(1-x)O (0<x<1), and/or Ba_(x)Ca_(1-x)O (0<x<1)). In one embodiment, the alkaline earth-metal compound may be selected from BaO, SrO, and CaO, but is not limited thereto.

The rare-earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, ScO₃, Y₂O₃, Ce₂O₃, GdF₃, and TbF₃. In one embodiment, the rare-earth metal compound may be selected from YbF₃, ScF₃, TbF₃, YbI₃, ScI₃, and TbI₃, but is not limited thereto.

The alkaline metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, and the rare-earth metal complex may include ions of alkaline metal, alkaline earth-metal, and rare-earth metal, respectively, as described above; a ligand coordinated with a metal ion of the alkaline metal complex, the alkaline earth-metal complex, or the rare-earth metal complex may each independently be selected from a hydroxy-quinoline, a hydroxy-isoquinoline, a hydroxy-benzoquinoline, a hydroxy-acridine, a hydroxy-phenanthridine, a hydroxy-phenyl oxazole, a hydroxy-phenylthiazole, a hydroxy-diphenyl oxadiazole, a hydroxy-diphenylthiadiazole, a hydroxy-phenylpyridine, a hydroxy-phenylbenzoimidazole, a hydroxy-phenylbenzothiazole, a bipyridine, a phenanthroline, and a cyclopentadiene, but is not limited thereto.

The electron injection layer may include alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, rare-earth-metal, alkaline metal compound, alkaline earth-metal compound, rare-earth metal compound, alkaline metal complex, alkaline earth-metal complex, rare-earth metal complex or a combination thereof, as described above. In various embodiments, the electron injection layer may further include an organic material. When the electron injection layer further includes an organic material, alkaline metal, alkaline earth metal, rare-earth-metal, alkaline metal compound, alkaline earth-metal compound, rare-earth metal compound, alkaline metal complex, alkaline earth-metal complex, rare-earth metal complex, or a combination thereof may be homogeneously or non-homogeneously dispersed in a matrix including the organic material.

A thickness of the electron injection layer may be in a range of about 1 Å to about 100 Å, for example, about 3 Å to about 90 Å. When the thickness of the electron injection layer is within any of the ranges described above, the electron injection layer may have satisfactory (or suitable) electron injection characteristics without a substantial increase in driving voltage.

Second Electrode 190

The second electrode 190 may be disposed (e.g., positioned) on the organic layer 150 having such the structure according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The second electrode 190 may be a cathode (that is an electron injection electrode), and in this regard, a material for forming the second electrode 190 may be a material having a low work function, for example, a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof.

The second electrode 190 may include at least one selected from lithium (Li), silver (Ag), magnesium (Mg), aluminum (Al), aluminum-lithium (Al—Li), calcium (Ca), magnesium-indium (Mg—In), magnesium-silver (Mg—Ag), ITO, and IZO, but is not limited thereto. The second electrode 190 may be a transmissive electrode, a semi-transmissive electrode, or a reflective electrode.

The second electrode 190 may have a single-layered structure, or a multi-layered structure including two or more layers.

Description of FIGS. 2 to 4

An organic light-emitting device 20 of FIG. 2 includes a first capping layer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, and a second electrode 190 which are sequentially stacked in this stated order; an organic light-emitting device 30 of FIG. 3 includes a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and a second capping layer 220 which are sequentially stacked in this stated order; and an organic light-emitting device 40 of FIG. 4 includes a first capping layer 210, a first electrode 110, an organic layer 150, a second electrode 190, and a second capping layer 220 which are sequentially stacked in this stated order.

Regarding FIGS. 2 to 4, descriptions of the first electrode 110, the organic layer 150, and the second electrode 190 may be understood by referring to the descriptions thereof presented in connection with FIG. 1.

In the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices 20 and 40, light generated in an emission layer may pass through the first electrode 110 (which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode) and the first capping layer 210 toward the outside; and in the organic layer 150 of each of the organic light-emitting devices 30 and 40, light generated in an emission layer may pass through the second electrode 190 (which may be a semi-transmissive electrode or a transmissive electrode) and the second capping layer 220 toward the outside.

The first capping layer 210 and/or the second capping layer 220 may increase external luminescent efficiency according to the principle of constructive interference.

The first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently be an organic capping layer including an organic material, an inorganic capping layer including an inorganic material, or a composite capping layer including an organic material and an inorganic material.

At least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include at least one material selected from carbocyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds, amine-based compounds, porphine derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, naphthalocyanine derivatives, alkaline metal complexes, and alkaline earth metal-based complexes. The carbocyclic compound, the heterocyclic compound, and the amine-based compound may each independently be optionally substituted with a substituent containing at least one element selected from O, N, S, Se, Si, F, Cl, Br, and I. In various embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include an amine-based compound.

In various embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include the compound represented by Formula 201 or the compound represented by Formula 202.

In various embodiments, at least one selected from the first capping layer 210 and the second capping layer 220 may each independently include a compound selected from Compounds HT28 to HT33 and Compounds CP1 to CP5, but is not limited thereto:

Hereinbefore, the organic light-emitting device according to an embodiment has been described in connection with FIGS. 1-4. However, embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.

Layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and layers constituting the electron transport region may each independently be formed by using one or more suitable methods such as vacuum deposition, spin coating, casting, a Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) method, ink-jet printing, laser-printing, and/or laser-induced thermal imaging.

When the respective layers of the hole transport region, the emission layer, and the respective layers of the electron transport region are formed by deposition, the deposition may be performed at a deposition temperature of about 100 to about 500° C., at a vacuum degree of about 10⁻⁸ to about 10⁻³ torr, and at a deposition rate of about 0.01 to about 100 Å/sec, by taking into account a compound for forming the layer to be deposited, and the structure of the layer to be formed.

When layers constituting the hole transport region, the emission layer, and layers constituting the electron transport region are formed by spin coating, the spin coating may be performed at a coating speed of about 2,000 rpm to about 5,000 rpm and at a heat treatment temperature of about 80° C. to 200° C., by taking into account a compound to be included in the to-be-formed layer, and the structure of the to-be-formed layer.

General Definition of Substituents

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group,” as used herein, may refer to a linear or branched aliphatic saturated hydrocarbon monovalent group having 1 to 60 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, an isobutyl group, a sec-butyl group, a tert-butyl group, a pentyl group, an iso-amyl group, and a hexyl group. The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group,” as used herein, may refer to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon double bond at one or more positions along the hydrocarbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group (e.g., in the middle and/or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethenyl group, a propenyl group, and a butenyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkenylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group.

The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group,” as used herein, may refer to a hydrocarbon group having at least one carbon-carbon triple bond at one or more positions along the hydrocarbon chain of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group (e.g., in the middle and/or at the terminus of the C₂-C₆₀ alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include an ethynyl group and a propynyl group. The term “C₂-C₆₀ alkynylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent group represented by —OA₁₀₁ (wherein A₁₀₁ is the C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group), and non-limiting examples thereof include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and an isopropoxy group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopropyl group, a cyclobutyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a cycloheptyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent saturated monocyclic group having at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and non-limiting examples thereof include a tetrahydrofuranyl group and a tetrahydrothiophenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group.

The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent monocyclic group that has 3 to 10 carbon atoms and at least one double bond in the ring thereof and does not have aromaticity, and non-limiting examples thereof include a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, and a cycloheptenyl group. The term “C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent monocyclic group that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and at least one double bond in its ring. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group include a 4,5-dihydro-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolylgroup, a 2,3-dihydrofuranyl group, and a 2,3-dihydrothiophenyl group. The term “C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryl group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent group having an aromatic carbocyclic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms, and the term “C₆-C₆₀ arylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having an aromatic carbocyclic system having 6 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group include a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, an anthracenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, a pyrenyl group, and a chrysenyl group. When the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group and the C₆-C₆₀ arylene group each independently include two or more rings, the respective rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent group having an aromatic heterocyclic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. The term “C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group,” as used herein, may refer to a divalent group having an aromatic heterocyclic system that has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S as a ring-forming atom, and 1 to 60 carbon atoms. Non-limiting examples of the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group include a pyridinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a triazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, and an isoquinolinyl group. When the C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group and the C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group each independently include two or more rings, the respective rings may be fused to each other.

The term “C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group,” as used herein, may refer to a group represented by —OA₁₀₂ (wherein A₁₀₂ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group), and the term C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group used herein may refer to a group represented by —SA₁₀₃ (wherein A₁₀₃ is the C₆-C₆₀ aryl group).

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed (e.g., fused) with each other, only carbon atoms as ring-forming atoms (e.g., 8 to 60 carbon atoms), and non-aromaticity in the entire molecular structure (e.g., does not have overall aromaticity). A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group is a fluorenyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group,” used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group.

The term “monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” as used herein, may refer to a monovalent group that has two or more rings condensed (e.g., fused) to each other, has at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S, other than carbon atoms (e.g., 1 to 60 carbon atoms), as a ring-forming atom, and has non-aromaticity in the entire molecular structure (e.g., does not have overall aromaticity). A non-limiting example of the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is a carbazolyl group. The term “divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group,” used herein, may refer to a divalent group having the same structure as the monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group.

The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,” as used herein, may refer to a monocyclic or polycyclic group having 5 to 60 carbon atoms in which only carbon atoms are ring-forming atoms. The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,” as used herein may refer to an aromatic carbocyclic group or a non-aromatic carbocyclic group. The term “C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group,” as used herein, may refer to a ring (such as a benzene ring), a monovalent group (such as a phenyl group), or a divalent group (such as a phenylene group). In various embodiments, depending on the number of substituents connected to the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, the C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group may be a trivalent group or a quadrivalent group.

The term “C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group,” as used herein, may refer to a group having the same structure as the C₁-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, except that as a ring-form ing atom, at least one heteroatom selected from N, O, Si, P, and S is used, in addition to carbon atoms (e.g., the number of carbon atoms may be in a range of 1 to 60).

It will be understood that if a substituent that appears in the present disclosure is not expressly defined above, the definition of the substituent is consistent with a general definition thereof, unless stated otherwise.

At least one substituent of the substituted C₅-C₆₀ carbocyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heterocyclic group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group may be selected from the group consisting of:

deuterium (-D), —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group;

a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁) and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂);

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group;

a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and

—Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂),

wherein Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ may each independently be selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.

The term “Ph”, as used herein, may refer to a phenyl group; the term “Me”, as used herein, may refer to a methyl group; the term “Et”, as used herein, may refer to an ethyl group; the terms “ter-Bu” or “But”, as used herein, may refer to a tert-butyl group; the term “OMe,” as used herein may refer to a methoxy group, and “D” as used herein may refer to deuterium.

The term “biphenyl group” used therein may refer to a monovalent group having two benzene rings linked to each other via a single bond. For example, “biphenyl group” may refer to “a phenyl group substituted with a phenyl group.” The “biphenyl group” may be “a substituted phenyl group” having “a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group” as a substituent.

The “terphenyl group” used herein may refer to a monovalent group having three benzene rings in which adjacent benzenes are linked to each other via a single bond. For example, “terphenyl group” may refer to “a phenyl group substituted with a biphenyl group.” The “terphenyl group” may be “a substituted phenyl group” having “a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group substituted with a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group” as a substituent.

* and *′ used herein, unless defined otherwise, each independently refer to a binding site to a neighboring atom in a corresponding formula.

Hereinafter, a compound according to embodiments of the present disclosure and an organic light-emitting device according to embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to Synthesis Examples and Examples. However, these examples are provided for illustrative purposes only, and should not in any sense be interpreted as limiting the scope of the present disclosure. The expression “B was used instead of A” used in describing Synthesis Examples may refer to a molar equivalent of A being identical (or substantially identical) to a molar equivalent of B.

EXAMPLES Synthesis Example 1: Synthesis of Compound 1

0.63 g (1 equivalent (eq), 1.30 mmol) of 7′-bromospiro[fluoreno[3,2-b]benzofuran-11,5′-indeno[1,2-c]pyridine], 0.43 g (1.1 eq, 1.43 mmol) of (10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)boronic acid, and 0.06 g (0.04 eq, 0.052 mmol) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) were added to a flask. The obtained mixed solution was vacuum dried, and then, the flask was filled with a nitrogen gas. 13 ml of toluene was added to the flask to dissolve the starting materials. Then, 6.5 ml of ethanol, 2.0 M of sodium carbonate, and 6.5 ml (10 eq, 13.0 mmol) of water were added thereto. The resulting mixed solution was stirred under reflux at a temperature of 80° C. for 3 hours. After the reaction was completed, a washing process was performed thereon using distilled water, and an organic layer was extracted therefrom using ethyl acetate. The resulting solution was dried using magnesium sulfate, and the residual was filtered using Celite. The resulting product was purified by column chromatography, thereby completing the preparation of Compound 1 (0.67 g of 7′-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)spiro[fluoreno[3,2-b]benzofuran-11,5′-indeno[1,2-c]pyridine]) (yield=75%).

¹H NMR: 9.24 (1H), 8.06 (2H), 7.91 (6H), 7.73 (3H), 7.51 (5H), 7.40 (6H), 7.35 (3H), 7.24 (1H), 7.03 (2H). APCI-MS (m/z): 659 [M⁺]

Synthesis Example 2: Synthesis of Compound 2

0.65 g (yield=70%) of Compound 2 (7′-(10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)spiro[benzo[b]fluoreno[2,3-d]thiophene-11,5′-indeno[1,2-c]pyridine]) was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that 7′-bromospiro[benzo[b]fluoreno[2,3-d]thiophene-11,5′-indeno[1,2-c]pyridine] was used instead of 7′-bromospiro[fluoreno[3,2-b]benzofuran-11,5′-indeno[1,2-c]pyridine].

¹H NMR: 9.24 (1H), 8.45 (1H), 7.98 (2H), 9.91 (4H), 7.85 (1H), 7.73 (1H), 7.67 (1H), 7.51 (6H), 7.40 (5H), 7.24 (1H), 7.06 (2H). APCI-MS (m/z): 675 [M⁺]

Synthesis Example 3: Synthesis of Compound 7

0.68 g (yield=70%) of Compound 7 (7′-(10-(naphthalen-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)spiro[fluoreno[3,2-b]benzofuran-11,5′-indeno[1,2-c]pyridine]) was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Synthesis Example 1, except that 0.49 g (1.1 eq, 1.43 mmol) of (10-naphthalen-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)boronic acid was used instead of (10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)boronic acid.

¹H NMR: 9.24 (1H), 8.55 (1H), 8.42 (1H), 8.04 (4H), 7.91 (6H), 7.60 (7H), 7.40 (7H), 7.06 (2H), APCI-MS (m/z): 709 [M⁺]

Synthesis Example 4: Synthesis of Compound 8

0.70 g (yield=70%) of Compound 8 (7′-(10-(naphthalen-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)spiro[benzo[b]fluoreno[2,3-d]thiophene-11,5′-indeno[1,2-c]pyridine]) was prepared in the same (or substantially the same) manner as in Synthesis Example 2, except that 0.49 g (1.1 eq, 1.43 mmol) of (10-naphthalene-1-yl)anthracen-9-yl)boronic acid was used instead of (10-phenylanthracen-9-yl)boronic acid.

¹H NMR: 9.24 (1H), 8.55 (1H), 8.42 (2H), 8.04 (4H), 7.91 (7H), 7.73 (3H), 7.60 (5H), 7.40 (5H), 7.06 (2H), APCI-MS (m/z): 725 [M⁺]

Example 1

As a substrate and an anode, a Corning 150/cm² (1,200 Å) ITO glass substrate was cut to a size of 50 mm×50 mm×0.7 mm, and then, sonicated with isopropyl alcohol and pure water, each for 5 minutes, and then washed by irradiation of ultraviolet ray for 30 minutes and ozone, and the resultant glass substrate was placed in a vacuum deposition apparatus.

2-TNATA was vacuum-deposited on the ITO anode to form a hole injection layer having a thickness of 600 Å, and 4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino]biphenyl (NPB) was vacuum-deposited on the hole injection layer to form a hole transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å.

Compound 1 (as a host) and Compound 107 (as a dopant) were co-deposited on the hole transport layer at a weight ratio of 97:3 to form an emission layer having a thickness of 20 nm.

Compound ET1 was deposited on the emission layer to form an electron transport layer having a thickness of 300 Å, LiF was deposited on the electron transport layer to form an electron injection layer having a thickness of 10 Å, and Al was vacuum-deposited on the electron injection layer to form a cathode having a thickness of 3, 000 Å, thereby completing the manufacture of an organic light-emitting device.

Examples 2 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4

Organic light-emitting devices were manufactured in the same (or substantially the same) manner in Example 1, except that compounds as shown in Table 1 were respectively used as a host and a dopant in forming an emission layer, instead of Compound 1 and/or Compound 107.

Evaluation Example 1

The driving voltage, current density, luminance, and efficiency of the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were evaluated by using Keithley SMU 236 meter and a PR650 luminance measuring meter. Results thereof are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 Weight Current Bright- ratio of Driving Density ness host to voltage (mA/ (cd/ Efficiency Host Dopant dopant (V) cm²) m²) (cd/A) Example 1 Compound Compound 97:3 3.5 10 537 5.37 1 107 Example 2 Compound Compound 97:3 3.6 10 512 5.12 2 107 Example 3 Compound Compound 97:3 3.5 10 509 5.09 7 107 Example 4 Compound Compound 97:3 3.7 10 485 4.85 8 107 Example 5 Compound Compound 97:3 3.4 10 515 5.15 1 110 Example 6 Compound Compound 97:3 3.5 10 490 4.90 1 112 Comparative Compound DPAVBi 95:5 4.6 10 311 3.11 Example 1 A Comparative Compound DPAVBi 95:5 4.3 10 367 3.67 Example 2 B Comparative Compound DPAVBi 95:5 4.2 10 416 4.16 Example 3 C Comparative Compound DPAVBi 95:5 3.8 10 256 2.56 Example 4 D

Referring to the results shown in Table 1, it can be seen that the organic light-emitting devices of Examples 1 to 6 had low driving voltage, high luminance, and high efficiency, compared to those of the organic light-emitting devices of Comparative Examples 1 to 4.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, an organic light-emitting device including the first compound and the second compound may have low driving voltage, high efficiency, and high luminance.

As used herein, the terms “use,” “using,” and “used” may be considered synonymous with the terms “utilize,” “utilizing,” and “utilized,” respectively.

In addition, the terms “substantially,” “about,” and similar terms are used as terms of approximation and not as terms of degree, and are intended to account for the inherent deviations in measured or calculated values that would be recognized by those of ordinary skill in the art.

It will be understood that when an element such as a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being “on” another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly on” or “directly contacting” another element, there are no intervening elements present.

Also, any numerical range recited herein is intended to include all subranges of the same numerical precision subsumed within the recited range. For example, a range of “1.0 to 10.0” is intended to include all subranges between (and including) the recited minimum value of 1.0 and the recited maximum value of 10.0, that is, having a minimum value equal to or greater than 1.0 and a maximum value equal to or less than 10.0, such as, for example, 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limitation recited herein is intended to include all lower numerical limitations subsumed therein and any minimum numerical limitation recited in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limitations subsumed therein. Accordingly, Applicant reserves the right to amend this specification, including the claims, to expressly recite any sub-range subsumed within the ranges expressly recited herein.

It should be understood that embodiments described herein should be considered in a descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation. Descriptions of features or aspects within each embodiment should typically be considered as available for other similar features or aspects in other embodiments.

While one or more embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined by the following claims and equivalents thereof. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An organic light-emitting device comprising: a first electrode; a second electrode facing the first electrode; and an organic layer between the first electrode and the second electrode, the organic layer comprising an emission layer, wherein the organic layer comprises a first compound represented by Formula 1 and a second compound represented by Formula 501:

wherein, in Formulae 1, 2A, 2B, and 501, ring A₁ and ring A₂ are each independently selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a pyrimidine ring, a pyrazine ring, a quinoline ring, an isoquinoline ring, a quinoxaline ring, a quinazoline ring, and a cinnoline ring, ring A₃ is a group represented by Formula 2A or a group represented by Formula 2B, X₁ is N-[(L₁₁)_(a11)-(R₁₁)_(b11)], O, or S, X₂ is N-[(L₁₂)_(a12)-(R₁₂)_(b12)], O, or S, Ar₅₀₁ is selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group and a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group, L₁ and L₂ are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted condensed polycyclic group having three or more carbocyclic groups condensed with each other, a1 and a2 are each independently an integer selected from 1 to 5, wherein when a1 is two or more, two or more L₁(s) are identical to or different from each other; and when a2 is two or more, two or more L₂(s) are identical to or different from each other, L₁₁, L₁₂ and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ are each independently selected from a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a substituted or unsubstituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a11, a12, and xd1 to xd3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 5, wherein when a11 is two or more, two or more L₁₁(s) are identical to or different from each other; when a12 is two or more, two or more L₁₂(s) are identical to or different from each other; when xd1 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₁(s) are identical to or different from each other; when xd2 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₂(s) are identical to or different from each other; and when xd3 is two or more, two or more L₅₀₃(s) are identical to or different from each other, R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a substituted or unsubstituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), —N(Q₁)(Q₂), —B(Q₁)(Q₂), —C(═O)(Q₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁)(Q₂), b1, b2, b5, b6, b11, and b12 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, b3 and b4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 6, b13 is 0, 1, or 2, c1 and c2 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, wherein the sum of c1 and c2 is 1 or greater, xd4 is an integer selected from 1 to 6, and at least one substituent of the substituted condensed polycyclic group having three or more carbocyclic groups condensed with each other, the substituted C₅-C₃₀ carbocyclic group, the substituted C₂-C₃₀ heterocyclic group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkylene group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenylene group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylene group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroarylene group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, the substituted divalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, the substituted C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, substituted alkoxy group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, the substituted C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, the substituted C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, the substituted C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and the substituted monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group is selected from the group consisting of: deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, and a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂)(Q₁₃), —N(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —B(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂), —C(═O)(Q₁₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₁₁), and —P(═O)(Q₁₁)(Q₁₂); a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group; a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, and a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryloxy group, a C₆-C₆₀ arylthio group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, —Si(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂)(Q₂₃), —N(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —B(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂), —C(═O)(Q₂₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₂₁), and —P(═O)(Q₂₁)(Q₂₂); and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), —N(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —B(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), —C(═O)(Q₃₁), —S(═O)₂(Q₃₁), and —P(═O)(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂), wherein Q₁ to Q₃, Q₁₁ to Q₁₃, Q₂₁ to Q₂₃, and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkenyl group, a C₂-C₆₀ alkynyl group, a C₁-C₆₀ alkoxy group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkyl group, a C₃-C₁₀ cycloalkenyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ heterocycloalkenyl group, a C₆-C₆₀ aryl group, a C₁-C₆₀ heteroaryl group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed polycyclic group, a monovalent non-aromatic condensed heteropolycyclic group, a biphenyl group, and a terphenyl group.
 2. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein ring A₁ and ring A₂ are each independently selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring.
 3. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein X₁ is O or S.
 4. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein Ar₅₀₁ is selected from the group consisting of: an indacene group, an acenaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a benzopyrene group, a benzochrysene group, a benzotriphenylene group, and a phenanthroline group; and an indacene group, an acenaphthalene group, a fluorene group, a spiro-bifluorene group, a benzofluorene group, a dibenzofluorene group, a phenalene group, a phenanthrene group, an anthracene group, a fluoranthene group, a triphenylene group, a pyrene group, a chrysene group, a naphthacene group, a picene group, a perylene group, a pentaphene group, a hexacene group, a pentacene group, a rubicene group, a coronene group, an ovalene group, a benzopyrene group, a benzochrysene group, a benzotriphenylene group, and a phenanthroline group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an am idino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
 5. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of: an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, and an ovelenylene group; and an indacenylene group, an acenaphthylene group, a fluorenylene group, a spiro-fluorenylene group, a benzofluorenylene group, a dibenzofluorenylene group, a phenalenylene group, a phenanthrenylene group, an anthracenylene group, a fluoranthenylene group, a triphenylenylene group, a pyrenylene group, a chrysenylene group, a naphthacenylene group, a picenylene group, a perylenylene group, a pentaphenylene group, a hexacenylene group, a pentacenylene group, a rubicenylene group, a coronenylene group, and an ovalenylene group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
 6. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-8, 3-9, 3-25, and 3-35 to 3-41, and L₁₁, L₁₂, and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 3-1 to 3-41:

wherein, in Formulae 3-1 to 3-41, Y₁ is selected from O, S, C(Z₃)(Z₄), N(Z₅), and Si(Z₆)(Z₇), and Z₁ to Z₇ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, d2 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, d3 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, d4 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, d5 is an integer selected from 0 to 5, d6 is an integer selected from 0 to 6, d8 is an integer selected from 0 to 8, and * and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 7. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein L₁ and L₂ are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-11, 4-13, 4-27, and 4-29 to 4-35, and L₁₁, L₁₂, and L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃ are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 4-1 to 4-35:

wherein, in Formulae 4-1 and 4-35, * and *′ each independently indicate a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 8. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ are each independently selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group; a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group and a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, and a hydrazono group; a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophen/l group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group a dibenzosilolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group; a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, s benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophen/l group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzosilolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, and an imidazopyrimidinyl group, each substituted with at least one selected from deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, a cyclohexenyl group, a phenyl group, a pentalenyl group, an indenyl group, a naphthyl group, an azulenyl group, a heptalenyl group, an indacenyl group, an acenaphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenalenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a fluoranthenyl group, a triphenylenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a naphthacenyl group, a picenyl group, a perylenyl group, a pentaphenyl group, a hexacenyl group, a pentacenyl group, a rubicenyl group, a coronenyl group, an ovalenyl group, a pyrrolyl group, a thiophenyl group, a furanyl group, an imidazolyl group, a pyrazolyl group, a thiazolyl group, an isothiazolyl group, an oxazolyl group, an isoxazolyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, an isoindolyl group, an indolyl group, an indazolyl group, a purinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a benzoquinolinyl group, a phthalazinyl group, a naphthyridinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a cinnolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a phenanthridinyl group, an acridinyl group, a phenanthrolinyl group, a phenazinyl group, a benzoimidazolyl group, a benzofuranyl group, a benzothiophenyl group, an isobenzothiazolyl group, a benzoxazolyl group, an isobenzoxazolyl group, a triazolyl group, a tetrazolyl group, an oxadiazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a benzocarbazolyl group, a dibenzocarbazolyl group, a thiadiazolyl group, an imidazopyridinyl group, an imidazopyrimidinyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), wherein Q₁ to Q₃ and Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group.
 9. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₁ to R₆, R₁₁ to R₁₃, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a group represented by any of Formulae 5-1 to 5-75, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), wherein Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group:

wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-75, Y₃₁ is selected from O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄), N(Z₃₅), and Si(Z₃₆)(Z₃₇), Z₃₁ to Z₃₇ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, e2 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, e3 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, e4 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, e5 is an integer selected from 0 to 5, e6 is an integer selected from 0 to 6, e7 is an integer selected from 0 to 7, e9 is an integer selected from 0 to 9, and * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 10. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein R₃ to R₆ and R₁₃ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, and —Si(Q₁)(Q₂)(Q₃), wherein Q₁ to Q₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, and R₁, R₂, R₁₁, R₁₂, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ are each independently selected from groups represented by Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and groups represented by Formulae 10-1 to 10-117:

wherein, in Formulae 6-1 to 6-43 and 10-1 to 10-117, * indicates a binding site to a neighboring atom.
 11. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein c1 is 1 and c2 is 0; c1 is 1 and c2 is 1; or c1 and 0 and c2 is 1, and xd4 is 2, 3, or
 4. 12. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1A to 1E:


13. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1-1 to 1-7:

wherein, in Formulae 1-1 to 1-7, X₂₁ is N or C(R₂₁); X₂₂ is N or C(R₂₂); X₂₃ is N or C(R₂₃); X₂₄ is N or C(R₂₄); X₂₅ is N or C(R₂₅); X₂₆ is N or C(R₂₆); X₃₁ is N or C(R₃₁); X₃₂ is N or C(R₃₂); X₃₃ is N or C(R₃₃), X₃₄ is N or C(R₃₄); X₃₅ is N or C(R₃₅); and X₃₆ is N or C(R₃₆), descriptions of R₂₁ to R₂₆ are each independently the same as the description provided in connection with R₃ in Formula 1, and descriptions of R₃₁ to R₃₆ are each independently the same as the description provided in connection with R₄ in Formula
 1. 14. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1(1) to 1(24):

wherein, in Formulae 1(1) to 1(24), ba3 and bb3 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 3, ba4 and bb4 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 4, ba5 and bb5 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to 5, and ba6 and bb6 are each independently an integer selected from 0 to
 6. 15. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-3:

wherein, in Formulae 1A-1 to 1A-3, ring A₁ and ring A₂ are each independently selected from a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a pyridine ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring, X₁ is O or S, R₁ is selected from groups represented by Formulae 5-1 to 5-75, R₃ to R₆, R₁₃, Z₁, and Z₂ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, b3 to b6, b13, d4, and d5 are each independently 0, 1, or 2:

wherein, in Formulae 5-1 to 5-75, Y₃₁ is selected from O, S, C(Z₃₃)(Z₃₄), N(Z₃₅), and Si(Z₃₆)(Z₃₇); Z₃₁ to Z₃₇ are each independently selected from hydrogen, deuterium, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, a hydroxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an amidino group, a hydrazino group, a hydrazono group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₂₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a fluorenyl group, a spiro-fluorenyl group, a benzofluorenyl group, a dibenzofluorenyl group, a phenanthrenyl group, an anthracenyl group, a pyrenyl group, a chrysenyl group, a pyridinyl group, a pyrazinyl group, a pyrimidinyl group, a pyridazinyl group, a quinolinyl group, an isoquinolinyl group, a quinoxalinyl group, a quinazolinyl group, a carbazolyl group, a triazinyl group, a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, and —Si(Q₃₁)(Q₃₂)(Q₃₃), wherein Q₃₁ to Q₃₃ are each independently selected from a C₁-C₁₀ alkyl group, a C₁-C₁₀ alkoxy group, a phenyl group, and a naphthyl group, e2 is an integer selected from 0 to 2, e3 is an integer selected from 0 to 3, e4 is an integer selected from 0 to 4, e5 is an integer selected from 0 to 5, e6 is an integer selected from 0 to 6, e7 is an integer selected from 0 to 7, e8 is an integer selected from 0 to 8, and e9 is an integer selected from 0 to
 9. 16. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the second compound is represented by one selected from Formulae 501-1 to 501-4:

wherein, in Formulae 501-1 to 501-4, descriptions of L₅₀₁ to L₅₀₃, xd1 to xd3, R₅₀₁, and R₅₀₂ are the same as those provided in connection with Formula 501, descriptions of L₅₀₄ to L₅₀₆ are each independently the same as the description provided in connection with L₅₀₁, descriptions of xd4 and xd5 are each independently the same as the description provided in connection with xd1, description of xd6 is the same as the description provided in connection with xd3, and descriptions of R₅₁₁ to R₅₁₆ are each independently the same as the description provided in connection with R₃ in Formula
 1. 17. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first compound is one selected from Compounds 1 to 60, and the second compound is one selected from Compounds 101 to 112:


18. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the emission layer comprises the first compound and the second compound.
 19. The organic light-emitting device of claim 18, wherein an amount of the first compound in the emission layer is greater than an amount of the second compound in the emission layer.
 20. The organic light-emitting device of claim 1, wherein the first electrode is an anode, the second electrode is a cathode, the organic layer further comprises a hole transport region between the first electrode and the emission layer, and an electron transport region between the emission layer and the second electrode, the hole transport region comprising a hole injection layer, a hole transport layer, an emission auxiliary layer, an electron blocking layer, or a combination thereof, and the electron transport region comprising a hole blocking layer, an electron transport layer, an electron injection layer, or a combination thereof. 